Saturday, March 31, 2018

April Fool's Day Weekly Reader Special: The Disaster Artist My Life Inside The Room, The Greatest Bad Movie Ever Made By Greg Sestero; A Hilarious and Heartwarming Book About Bad Film Making But Good Friends


April Fool’s Day Weekly Reader Special: The Disaster Artist: My Life Inside The Room, The Greatest Bad Film Ever Made by Greg Sestero and Tom Bissell; A Hilarious and Surprisingly Heart-Warming Story About Bad Film Making But Good Friends
By Julie Sara Porter,
Bookworm Reviews

Spoilers: There are bad films and then there’s The Room. Not since the full nightgown ladies wrestling in Manos: The Hand of Fate. Not since Ed Wood and Coleman Francis showed their directing skills or lack thereof in Plan 9 from Outer Space and Beast of Yucca Flats respectively. Not since John Wayne stunned audiences with his portrayal of Genghis Khan in The Conqueror. Not since Jennifer Lopez attempted to seduce Ben Affleck with “It’s turkey time, gobble gobble” in Gigli. Not since Elizabeth Berkeley bared her breasts in Showgirls. Not since Madonna attempted to act in…well anything except Evita have so many people looked at a film screen wondering “What the heck did I just watch up there?”
 Allegedly a film about a love triangle between a man, Johnny his “future wife,” Lisa and best friend, Mark it is instead a two hour experiment in bad filming with terrible camera angles, scenes that make no sense,  wooden or hammy performances, and lines that are bad beyond belief. (“Leave your stupid comments in your pocket!” “YOU ARE TEARING ME APART, LISA!!!”)

However as many fans of The Room and its writer/director/producer/star, Tommy Wiseau know, it’s not just a bad movie, it’s an experience more akin to the Rocky Horror Picture Show. People attend midnight showings and call back lines, throw spoons at the screen, and generally have a good time at a movie that instead of quietly fading away and having its performers suffer career nothingness, Wiseau and Co. are  held up as cult heroes and The Room has obtained a second life as “the Citizen Kane of bad movies.”
 Wiseau’s best friend and The Room co-star Greg Sestero (who played Johnny's best friend, "Oh hi Mark.") captured the making of this disaster-piece in his book The Disaster Artist, which is a hilarious account of how not to make a movie but is also at heart a moving testament to a loving friendship between Wiseau and Sestero.

Wiseau and Sestero met in the late ‘90’s in a San Francisco acting class. Sestero had dreams of being an actor ever since he was young and penned a sequel to Home Alone and mailed it to director, John Hughes. (He marveled that instead of giving him a standard rejection letter Hughes wrote “Believe in yourself, have patience and always follow your heart.”) He had the looks and interest, accepting roles as extras (including in the movies, Patch Adams and Gattaca) and taking acting classes but he lacked the confidence and nerve to truly pursue his interest to the fullest.
Then one day at the acting class of Jean Shelton, in walked a student that had plenty of confidence and nerve. After watching Wiseau mangle a Shakespearean sonnet, Sestero found him “terrible, reckless, and mesmerizing.” Sestero became determined to do a scene with Wiseau after he saw him ham up the famous “Stella” scene in A Streetcar Named Desire. Sestero got his scene partner and cinematic history was made for better or worse.

The book develops the duo’s friendship, both the bad and the good aspects of it. Sestero was constantly perplexed by Wiseau’s oddities such as never revealing any details about his personal life like his country of origin (his last name Wiseau is French for bird but his accent suggested possibly Eastern European origins) or revealing where he got his fortune (which included owning apartments in both San Francisco and Los Angeles and a fashion business called Street Fashions U.S.A.).
He had peculiar irritating habits that made him an impossible roommate such as staying up all night listening to tapes to learn English and lose his distinct accent. (“You think its good do you is not something that the average native English speaker would say,” Sestero dryly wrote. “(Wiseau) should have been learning to say, ‘I’d like a refund for these tapes please.’”)

Nevertheless Wiseau retained an optimistic nature that encouraged Sestero through discouragement and a devil-may-care personality that lived moment by moment. (He encouraged Sestero to go several hours out of their way to accompany him on a pilgrimage to visit the road where James Dean died and eat at a diner owned by a former friend of Dean’s.)
Humor is developed as Wiseau sometimes comes across as the proverbial “Best Friend/Roommate From Hell,” an odd but essentially good-natured lovable weirdo. Wiseau is the type of person that would invite such odd theories about his origins such as whether he is an alien or a vampire and those theories are almost believable. (Any future Men in Black production has to feature him in a cameo as “a celebrity/extraterrestrial” ala Michael Jackson in Men in Black II. It is law!)

However there are darker aspects to Wiseau’s character that border on mental instability or at least severe psychological or neurological disorders and Sestero does not shy away from revealing them.
He became possessive and jealous when Sestero made new friends or received acting roles like the lead in Retro Puppet Master.  He sent Sestero a Christmas greeting in Romania while Sestero was filming Puppet Master (which he did not tell Wiseau where the filming was going to be nor where he was staying.)
 He invaded his friend’s privacy by opening his mail and interfering with professional phone calls. Wiseau also had vivid dreams of Sestero killing him though Sestero’s writing suggested he feared the same from him. Sestero sometimes described Wiseau as “a life draining vampire” who sapped his friend of energy because of his emotional potentially unstable nature.

Sestero’s friends and family members warned him of Wiseau’s behavior. One friend in particular took Sestero to see the movie, The Talented Mr. Ripley in which Matt Damon played a con artist who seduces, murders, and impersonates his best friend (Jude Law) to help Sestero make obvious connections between the movie and his friendship with Wiseau.
Most people probably would have taken the hint, booked themselves into the nearest shelter, and told Wiseau via a restraining order to hit the highway, but Sestero was not most people.  He reasoned, “My mother tried to convince me not to go back to L.A. She failed. My hippie friend tried to convince me not to go back to L.A. He failed. Patricia Highsmith, Matt Damon, Jude Law, and Anthony Minghella tried to convince me not to go back to L.A. They failed.” (Which I don’t believe was their objective for writing, directing, and starring in The Talented Mr. Ripley, but what do I know?) Back he went to L.A., Hollywood, and “Tommy’s Planet.”

Wiseau’s behavior in his friendships is nothing to his behavior in filming The Room. His excitable, unpredictable, unbalanced behavior increased during the making of the film.
Oddly enough The Talented Mr. Ripley played inadvertently into the creation of The Room. (Matt Damon and Jude Law can rest easy knowing that.) At the 1999 Golden Globes in which Ripley won various awards including Best Actor for Damon and Best Supporting Actor for Law, Wiseau and Sestero were stuck in traffic watching the limousines go up and down the streets. Wiseau was dejected, “I know they don’t want me. I know they don’t want guy with accent and long hair. So I show them. I show them what I can do…..I write my own play. I’ll do my own project and it will be better than everybody else….People will see my project and you know what? They will not sleep for two weeks. They will be completely shocked you watch.” Which proved once and for all not only that Wiseau possessed misguided precognitive abilities but Fate had a sick twisted sense of humor.

The chapters that dealt with the making of The Room show one comedic blunder after another so much so that it was a miracle that the movie got made let alone released. (No doubt due to Wiseau’s admirable but very bullheaded persistence).
Technical filming mistakes abound such as Wiseau filming in both film and digital causing the visual quality to be haphazard at best. Wiseau insisted that an alley set be built inside their rented studio even though a perfectly fine alley was standing right outside waiting for its film debut. (Wiseau’s reasoning: “Because we do first-class production. No Mickey Mouse stuff.”) As an actor, Wiseau was unable to remember his lines: you know the lines that he actually wrote such as “I did not hit her. I did not. Oh hi, Mark.”

Besides his lack of ability at filming, Wiseau was volatile and abusive with his cast and crew. Crew members got fired right and left, some after arguing justifiably over the unstable production. Wiseau tormented his cast such as his original pick for the character of Mark, an actor he called Don (but was really named Dan) whom Wiseau cast but did not film in an attempt to convince Sestero to play the part which he accepted.
 He was also verbally abusive towards Juliette Danielle, who played his future wife, Lisa. He reduced her to tears by mocking her appearance such as her acne ridden back.
An acquaintance of Wiseau’s, Markus shot behind-the-scenes footage allegedly for a documentary but was in reality so Wiseau could spy on his cast and crew talking about him behind his back.

Not to mention the fact that no one quite knew in filming what The Room was about. Carolyn Minnott who played Lisa’s mother, was confused about a line in which she announces that she has breast cancer but no other reference is made about this revelation. (“It’s a plot twist,” Wiseau not-so-helpfully said.)
A subplot involving Johnny and Lisa’s young neighbor, Denny and a drug dealer named Chris-R was shot with an action scene which Mark and Johnny subdue the drug dealer and somehow are able to arrest him, even though neither of them are law enforcement officers. (Days and hours were wasted filming the “Chris-R” scene according to Wiseau’s changeable moods over various details such as whether Chris-R has a gun and drops it or holds onto the gun causing lots of retakes and hours of unused celluloid.)

Despite being a catalog of ineptitude, The Disaster Artist is not an attack against Wiseau. In fact, Sestero clearly admired his friend’s drive to create his own movie and distribute it to the world.
This is prevalent where Sestero reveals some aspects that he had gleaned from various contradictory conversations with Wiseau and documentation about his past. (Revelations that Wiseau had discredited but Immigration documentation and subsequent research by others had later verified.)

Sestero described Wiseau as a lonely boy from an Eastern European country (documentation since the book’s publication suggested that it was Poland) who longed to move to America and be a part of the Hollywood world that he saw on screen.
According to Sestero’s account, Wiseau moved to France where he took menial jobs, was arrested in a drug raid where he was abused and threatened by the police, and possibly became a male prostitute.
He eventually moved in with his aunt and uncle in New Orleans where he still encountered loneliness and got his heart broken by a woman who the book implied may have been the inspiration for Lisa, Johnny’s manipulative “future wife".
He eventually settled in San Francisco where he sold jeans, yo-yos, and toy birds, and acquired the name Thomas Pierre “Tommy” Wiseau. (How he got his fortune to finance The Room still is not revealed and to this day no one knows. The book suggests various possibilities such as money laundering, inheritance from a wealthy mentor, or mob money-but nothing is outright stated keeping that aspect of Wiseau’s life as a mystery even still.)
 When Wiseau announced at the premiere of The Room “This my movie. This my life” Sestero and The Reader have no doubt about it. The Room was a difficult awful filming experience but it was  a labor of love from someone who loved movies and would have given anything to be a part of them.

There is also warmth between Wiseau and Sestero’s friendship. It is clear from the beginning that Sestero and WIseau filled a need for each other. Sestero’s writing implies that he would have never had the nerve to move to Los Angeles to pursue his acting dream if he hadn’t met Wiseau and the strange eccentric man had not encouraged him to follow his dream.
 Even more so Wiseau would never have had someone that understood his eccentricities and drew him out of his self-imposed isolation if he never met Sestero.
Like many well-known friendships like Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson (and their current actors Benedict Cumberbatch and Martin Freeman) or Of Mice and Men’s George and Lennie, Wiseau and Sestero are better together than they are apart.
This is very paramount when in one chapter in their pre-Room days, Wiseau was depressed about Hollywood rejections and he disappeared leaving behind a voice mail message that he was “on a highway to Hell,” and wondering what it would be like to die young like James Dean. Sestero worried about a possibly suicidal Wiseau and wanted to call anyone to find out where he was. He realized he knew no one, no other friends or family members who knew or cared where Wiseau was. Sestero was aware that he was not only Wiseau’s best friend: he was his only friend. (He eventually reunited with Wiseau who wrote his screenplay for The Room possibly a cathartic experience for both of them.)

The Disaster Artist is the type of book that makes The Reader laugh but also warms their heart. It also warms their heart even more as Wiseau and Sestero lately have disproven F. Scott Fitzgerald’s claim that “there are no second acts in life.” They received a second act because of the cult success of The Room and its fans hailing it as an unintentional comedy cult phenomenon, which they willingly embraced. Recently things have turned around for Wiseau and Sestero giving them a third, possibly a fourth act.

The book for the Disaster Artist was not only a best seller but the film version directed by James Franco and starring him and his brother, Dave was a box office success but also an Academy Award nominee for Best Adapted Screenplay. (However the film’s star has eclipsed lately because of sexual abuse allegations towards Franco dismissing its status for any other Oscar consideration.).

 In an even more ironic twist, before the Oscars, Franco won the Golden Globe for Best Actor and called Wiseau to the stage to accept the award with him. (Possibly, this ceremony caused a traffic jam and some irritated young budding filmmaker despaired about how Hollywood doesn’t want him or her and planned their own screenplay in defiance). Wiseau has obtained the Hollywood success status that he longed for and things have definitely come full circle for him and Sestero.
The Dynamic Duo are still friends and continue to make movies including an upcoming one called Best F(r)iends that has some early positive feedback. There might be good performances and a good movie out of them yet. 


April Schedule

March was a productive but busy month. I reviewed a lot of great books on one of my favorite subjects: Women's History. I read some terrific mostly non-fiction books about some amazing and admirable women.

For April I decided to do something a little different. I had a bit of writer's block on thinking of a topic so I decided to skip the Lit List for this month and instead decided to do a Special April Fool's Weekly Reader for week one and add Forgotten Favorites for the following three weeks.
Despite the rainy weather (especially in Missouri), April is a time for funny books that point out society's foibles.
First we will get one of the most hilarious books ever written on how not to make a movie. But on the other hand it's a sweet story about how to make a life-long friendship.

The next week we continue our April Fool's side by reviewing three satires which are savagely funny and biting at the same time. They poke fun at the advertising industry and the workplace environment, the '80's Yuppie culture and media celebrity, and the publishing industry.
Afterwards, we get into more serious subjects. One week will feature reviews on books about three young girls who understand the importance of reading and writing. They also have to suffer the toll of having too much imagination, writing the truth about a very eccentric family, and being at the odds of a very religious family.

The final two weeks in April will get really dark with psychological thrillers, two of the most critically acclaimed recent books, a '70's sexual thriller based on a true story, and a Gothic novel by one of the'50's most interesting novel and short story writers. I will also review two Forgotten Favorites that explore people with physical oddities who would have been members of a side show in less enlightened times.

So that's my list this month. If you know of any other good works, to be reviewed for future months, please let me know here or on Facebook. As always Happy Reading.

April 1: Special April Fool's Day Weekly Reader: The Disaster Artist: My Life Inside The Room, The Greatest Bad Movie Ever Made by Greg Sestero and Tom Bissell

April 7: Weekly Reader: Then We Came To The End by Joshua Ferris
Classics Corner: Bonfire of the Vanities by Tom Wolfe
Forgotten Favorites: The Bestseller by Olivia Goldsmith

April 14: Weekly Reader: Atonement by Ian McEwen
Classics Corner: I Capture The Castle by Dodie Smith
Forgotten Favorites: Memoirs of the Book Bat by Kathryn Lasky

April 21: Weekly Reader: Girl On a Train by Paula Hopkins
Classics Corner: We Have Always Lived in the Castle by Shirley Jackson
Forgotten Favorites: Little Little by M.E. Kerr

April 27: Weekly Reader: Gone Girl by Gillian Flynn
Classics Corner: Looking For Mr. Goodbar by Judith Ressoner
Forgotten Favorites: Very Special People by Frederick Drimmer

Thursday, March 22, 2018

Weekly Reader: A Train in Winter: An Extraordinary Story of Women, Friendship, and Resistance in Occupied France By Caroline Moorehead; A Brilliant Exciting True Story About The Women of the French Resistance



Weekly Reader: A Train in Winter: An Extraordinary Story of Women, Friendship, and Resistance in Occupied France By Caroline Moorehead; A Brilliant Exciting True Story About The Women of the French Resistance
By Julie Sara Porter,
Bookworm Reviews

Spoilers: The French Resistance against the Nazi Occupation is filled with tales of courage, love and sacrifice in times of standing against tyranny. It was a time when anyone from the highest political leader to the smallest schoolgirl took chances and saved countless lives by fighting against their oppressors.

Caroline Moorehead’s book A Train in Winter, tells a brilliant and exciting story of women who took part in the French Resistance, fought, and some died for their beliefs.

When the Nazis took over Paris in 1940, at first they received very little resistance. The Germans used fear and intimidation tactics to obtain obedience from the French people and it worked mostly. A puppet government called Vichy France was created. However, general Charles De Gaulle started a series of broadcasts from the BBC that were a call to arms against the German occupiers. Moorehead writes, “It was a crime, (De Gaulle) said, for French men and women in Occupied France to submit to their occupiers; it was an honor to defy them. One sentence struck a chord with his listeners. ‘Somewhere,’ said De Gaulle, ‘must shine and burn the flames of French resistance.’ “

And resist they did. The women in this book ran the gamut from mothers, daughters, teachers, chemists, singers, actresses, writers, and homemakers.  The De Gaulle broadcasts with its opening of the first five notes of Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony (so chosen because the Roman numeral V and V were one in the same and that the letter “V” in Morse code taps are in the tune of the opening bars of the symphony.) and his stirring words helped spread the idea of Resistance by word of mouth.

The first few acts of Resistance were described by Moorehead as “small, spontaneous, and ill-coordinated.” They began with people like Rosa Floch, a schoolgirl who wrote “Viva L’Anglais,” on the walls of her school. Others threw stones at the German soldier. One man cut a German telephone cable. They also published newsletters, pamphlets, and other works encouraging people to fight.

These spontaneous acts of rebellion became more organized as various groups formed coordinated Resistance teams, many of them led by women who were strong-willed, feisty, and ready to sacrifice anything so their country could be free from German occupation. Readers won’t forget the stories of these brave women, one of whom was Cecile Charua, a Communist party member who wrote for the Parti Communist Francais (French Communist Party) newspaper, L’Humanite. She also took part in various gun raids. When asked why Charua, a single mother with a daughter, would leave her child with a foster family while she took part in such dangerous activities, Charua responded, “It is because I have a child that I do it. This is not a world that I wish her to grow up in.”

Another fascinating story is that of Helene Langevin, a university student and Mai Politzer , a young married Polish immigrant and midwife, who networked various friends from the various Parties to join the Resistance, using a nearby café as a meeting place. These stories showed that even in the early days of the Occupation, these women were ready to talk about freedom and turn their words into actions.

When General Petain, France’s then-leader stated that he believed women were inferior and created and endorsed several laws that rolled back the independence that women had before the Occupation, many women such as dentist, Danielle Casanova, challenged that ideal. Casanova and her friends wrote messages on the walls extolling free speech and worker’s rights and later proved to be effective couriers.
Casanova and the other couriers carried information and papers from one branch of the Resistance to the other and they were seldom stopped. “Neither the Gestapo, nor the French police quite believing that such cheerful French girls could have anything to do with the Resistance,” Moorehead wrote. “As (Casanova) said flirting a little with the Germans could yield excellent results. She was exceptionally good at inspiring others, making people feel that there was really no choice but to help.”

One of the ways that Casanova helped was by recruiting women in lines outside food shops, angry about the forced rationing. She persuaded the women to write and be interviewed for the Les Voix de Femmes, and other magazines for French women. One of those woman that Casanova recruited was Madeleine “Mado” Doiret, a teacher who typed texts on an electronic mimeograph (which she built herself) and delivered the tracts to various distribution sites to be picked up by other Resistors. She accepted Casanova’s offer to go Underground and officially join.

As the “flames of French resistance” grew so did German suspicion. Soldiers kept their eyes open for the various members. Many Resistors used code names, secret messages, and followed certain patterns such as meeting only at night or at certain places. The Resistance members decided to become more active and take part in sabotage and gun fights. One of the women who assisted the more violent factions was Marie-Elisa Nordman, a Jewish chemist who stole mercury from her research institute to help create bombs and grenades. Nordman and her mother also sheltered resistors who were in hiding because their homes were being watched.

Other women created inventive ways to protect Resistors from arrest by hiding them in homes and workplaces.  Raymonde Sergent, ran a café where she hid Resistors in the café cellar or sent them to the stables of her sister’s farm. These stories showed these women became inventive in their ability to help others.

Despite the secrecy eventually many members of the Resistance were caught, mostly betrayed by non-members, and were sent to concentration camps. The traitors such as Jeanne Herve, denounced Jews and other Resistance members believing that they will be spared. However, they ended up sent to the camps as well and were often ostracized by the other women. As she died in the camps one of the traitors, Lucienne Ferre said, “I guess I am getting what I deserve.”

 The second half of the book is filled with heartbreaking stories of women losing their lives in the camps such as Leona Buillard, a 57-year old woman who was looked upon by the other women of the Resistance as a grandmother-figure, died on her second day in Birkenau before the roll call. Suzanne Costentin, a schoolteacher was arrested for writing a tract died after her fingers and toes became frozen with frostbite and gangrene.

Even though life was hard and torturous in the concentration camps, the women grew closer in their adversity. They sang, acted out plays and sketches, offered each other for jobs in the camps, and shared food in the “communal pot.”
The difficult circumstances only strengthened their friendships, Moorehead wrote. “(The women) took pride in their closeness and the fact that unlike the Polish and German women who shared their barracks they were as kind, polite, and helpful to each other as they would have been back home,” she wrote.

After the war was over some of the women, like Casanova and Politzer, died in the camps. Most settled into quiet lives, married, or remarried, and had children. Some like Nordmann received the Legion D’Honneur, one of the highest civilian honors in France (Casanova also received it posthumously).

However all of the survivors were forever marked by their time in the camps. The final pages state that many were troubled by physical ailments that they received from the abuse and/or suffered from nightmares, depression, and survivor’s guilt for the rest of their lives. The final pages of A Train in Winter made these women more admirable as the Reader understands the full scope of the sacrifices that they made and still make, and honor their courage for being women who decided to fight their oppressors rather than giving in.


Classics Corner: Aurora Leigh by Elizabeth Barrett Browning; A Beautiful Narrative Poem About A Woman Finding Her Place in the World





Classics Corner: Aurora Leigh by Elizabeth Barrett Browning; Beautiful Narrative Poem About A Woman Finding Her Place In the World
By Julie Sara Porter,
Bookworm Reviews

Spoilers: If there is one thing that many people know about Elizabeth Barrett-Browning it is the poem “How do I love thee? Let me count the ways…” If there is another thing that many people know about Barrett Browning it is that she had a long happy marriage to fellow poet, Robert Browning. While that is true that she and Browning were very happy together and encouraged each other in their poetic careers.

(Reportedly, the only public argument the two ever had was over Spiritualism. She was an ardent believer and he was a skeptic.)  “How do I love thee?” is only one of several love poems and sonnets she had published over the years, many of them collected in her work, Sonnets from the Portuguese. But what many modern people are unaware is that Elizabeth Barrett Browning also wrote a 9-Book narrative poem which was probably one of the definitive poetic works about feminism: Aurora Leigh. This poem is about a woman who forgoes marriage for a literary career and searches for her place in the world.

Like many poems of the Victorian era, Barrett Browning’s work drips with allusion, metaphor, and rich language to make her point. Her protagonist, Aurora Leigh is the daughter of a Tuscan mother and an English father. After her mother’s death at age four, her father raises her to appreciate learning and reading. He gives her books and teaches her various languages like Latin and Greek. She develops into a very intelligent and creative young woman with an imaginative spirit and aspirations to become a writer.

As a child, she looks at her deceased mother’s portrait and imagines her in the form of whatever she reads: “Ghost, fiend, and angel, fairy, witch, and sprite,/A dauntless Muse who eyes a dreadful  Fate,/A loving Psyche who loses sight of Love/A still Medusa with mild milky brows.” These images effectively described the various forms that women are often portrayed in literature: angels, or monsters, witches, or helpers. Aurora Leigh visualizes her mother in these forms that are dictated by male writers and strives to become someone who could live beyond those character archetypes and create her own story: She longs to be as good a writer as many of the male writers she reads.

When Aurora is 13, her father dies and she lives with her aunt and cousin, Romney. Her aunt tries to rear in the fashion of a proper Victorian lady which Aurora would have none of. Instead she retreats into her books, her writing, and her love of nature. When she discovers her father’s old library, Aurora finds an intellectual release and a devotion for books that outweighs any societal or spiritual pressures her aunt puts on her:
 “I sat on in my chamber green, And lived my life, and thought my thoughts and prayed/My prayers without the vicar; read my books/Without considering whether they were fit to do me good/……So much help By so much reading/It is rather when We gloriously forget ourselves and plunge/ Soul-forward, headlong into a book’s profound,/Impassioned for its beauty and salt of truth/’It is then we get the right good from a book.”

 Aurora finds truth in books that she cannot find in the role that her aunt gives her, so she sets to find her own truth through reading and writing.

That search for truth and her literary aspirations coincide with Romney’s own journey to find his place. He takes up social work and strives to help the poor. He thinks that he has the perfect helpmate in Aurora, so he proposes to her. However unlike many literary heroines in her day, Aurora turns him down. In one of the best passages in the poem, Aurora crowns herself in a garland of laurels as if accepting a call from a Higher Power to devote herself to her art. After Romney insists that women are to be the helpmate of men and ridicules her literary aspirations, Aurora turns him down by telling him that he loves not a woman, but a cause and that he is already married to his social theory. She sarcastically tells him that she is unworthy of his ambitions.
Aurora tells Romney that everybody, man or woman has a duty to themselves before they can accept love: “(Romney) forget too much that every creature, male or female/Stands single act and thought/And also in birth and death……I too have my vocation, work to do, The heavens and earth have set me since I changed/My father’s face for theirs, and thought your world /Were twice as wretched as you represent/Most serious work, and necessary work as any of the economists…..I Who love my art, would never wish it lower/To suit my stature I may love my art/You’ll grant that even a woman may love art/Seeing that to waste true love on anything is womanly past question.”

Aurora realizes that she wants what many men have in her day, the freedom to pursue her poetry to the fullest and explore her creativity. She even challenges the ideal that women are expected to be nothing more than wives and that she wants the freedom to be a poet first. Like Virginia Woolf would later say, Aurora Leigh wants a “room of her own and her own income.”

The characters in Barrett-Browning’s poem are three dimensional and brilliantly realized. Romney is clearly sincere in his devotion to help the poor, but he is somewhat cold in his relationships with women seeing them as helpers but not people in their own right. Some may see Aurora as single-minded even self-centered in her pursuit of poetry but she is also a very passionate intelligent individual who pursues her interests to their fullest. (She starts out writing small pieces that get accepted by literary journals but are not personally fulfilling. She also takes tours of countries like France to study nature and the people to give her inspiration.) Nowhere is the character development strongest than in the relationship between Aurora and Marian Erle, a working class girl who becomes Romney’s fiancée.

Marian is just as well-written as Aurora and Romney, making a great third protagonist (even eclipsing Romney for deutragonist since she is in more verses with Aurora, than Romney is). While it would be tempting to make the other woman in Romney’s life a callous conniving bitch, Marian is actually a sweet fragile young lady who probably lacks Aurora’s independence but is her own person in surviving hardships. She is forced into prostitution at a young age and runs away to a charity house where Romney works. She at first wants to marry Romney realizing that he “loves everyone” but that Marian vows to be a loyal wife. However, an encounter with a vain opportunistic noblewoman who wants Romney for herself sends Marian to abandon Romney and run away only to reappear in Aurora’s life in France with a child in tow.

At first Aurora engages in some victim blaming by implying that Marian was seduced, but Marian counters with “Do wolves seduce a wandering fawn in France/Do eagles who have pinched a lamb with claws Seduce it into a carrion/So with me, I was not ever, as you say seduced but simply murdered.”

 Instead Marian had followed a false promise of a job as a lady’s maid, had been abandoned to a brothel, raped, and left pregnant. What begins as a feminist narrative poem about one woman forgoing love to become a poet turns into a feminist narrative poem about the friendship and sisterhood between two women as Aurora Leigh invites Marian Earle and her son to live with her in Italy. It’s no coincidence that after Aurora takes in Marian and her son, that she finds her book of poems has achieved literary success. It is as though while her solo pursuit of her art was fine and helped her creativity, it was when she opened her heart to accept Marian into her life that she could truly become an artist. Barrett-Browning hints that love and friendship as well as private studies are what make an artist.

Art also has its place in the people that surround the artist. Aurora becomes aware of this when she reunites with Romney who finally reads her book of poetry and it speaks to him more than any words ever could. He finally recognizes the true artist in Aurora. “The poet looks beyond the book he has made,/Or else he had not made it. If a man could make a man, he’d henceforth be a god /…..And this special book, I did not make it to make light of it/It stands above my knowledge draws me up; ‘T is high to me. It may be that the book is not so high, but I so low instead.”  

Romney recognizes Aurora’s talent and that he was wrong in belittling it in the past. Perhaps he realizes that Aurora did need to spend that time alone to explore her endeavors.

Romney realizes that while he talked a good game about helping the poor, Aurora had a much higher spirit than he ever did. She has become a well-known poet and has accepted friendship by caring for Marian and her son, treating them like family. While Romney is in despair that his charity home burned to the ground after false allegations spread that the home was a prison. Romney ended up destitute and blind. Aurora recognizes her love for Romney and agrees to marry him.
Elizabeth Barrett-Browning’s Aurora Leigh recognizes a woman’s artistic aspirations that help lead her to be a fulfilled person who accepts friendship, love, and is able to find her own identity. It moves Barrett-Browning far beyond “How do I love thee?”

Friday, March 16, 2018

Weekly Reader: The Scarlet Sisters: Sex, Suffrage, and Scandal in the GIlded Age by Myra McPherson; An Entertaining Biography of Two Memorable, But Naughty Sisters


Weekly Reader: The Scarlet Sisters: Sex, Suffrage, and Scandal in the Gilded Age by Myra McPherson: An Entertaining Biography of Two Memorable But Naughty Sisters
By Julie Sara Porter,
Bookworm Reviews

Spoilers: If Laurel Thatcher Ulrich is right that “well-behaved women seldom make history,” then Victoria Woodhull and Tennessee Claflin certainly made it. Myra McPherson’s winning biography tells and excellent and entertaining book about two sisters who lived life according to their own terms and proved to be very memorable colorful women who yes indeed made history.

Victoria Woodhull and Tennessee Claflin made a lot of firsts in their lives. They were the first woman to start a Wall Street brokerage. Woodhull was the first woman to run for President in the United States and was the first woman to address a United States Congressional committee. Claflin ran for Congress and became an honorary colonel for an all-black regiment. They also were the subjects of much scandal in their lives. They were Spiritualists and strong advocates for Free Love, Freedom of Speech, and Women’s Suffrage. They were also frequent targets because of their active love lives and their willingness to talk about it.

The Claflin Sisters came from scandal naturally. Their father, Buck was a snake oil salesman who put the sisters on stage to conduct séances and communicate with the dead for paying customers. (Despite their shady early connections with Spiritualism, the sisters particularly Claflin remained ardent Spiritualists for the rest of their lives. They always claimed that talking to the spirits helped get them through their difficult childhood with their idle abusive father). They also had several siblings mostly sisters who were involved in unhappy marriages and lived off of Victoria and Tennessee’s earnings. Despite the bad upbringing the sisters spent a great deal of time telling people lies about their father.
They said that he was “once a successful merchant and possessor of a large fortune who lost money in speculation.”  McPherson writes that the Claflin Sisters deceived people about their background in an attempt to gain respectability, a respectability that was often challenged by their avaricious and obnoxious family.

Like the rest of their family, the Claflin Sisters were not ones to live by rules and societal conventions. This was particularly noticeable in their sexual relationships with men. Tennessee Claflin was the lover of Cornelius Vanderbilt, who helped the duo finance their brokerage. Victoria Claflin had an early marriage to Canning Woodhull, an alcoholic doctor but she was a believer in Free Love so also had an affair with Col. James Blood, a Civil War hero. Though they were the targets of suspicion, ridicule, and damaging gossip the sisters publically acknowledged their lifestyle. Woodhull proudly declared, “Yes, I am a Free Lover,” in a public trial. The two hid no secrets about their romantic relationships in public and in their periodical, Woodhull & Claflin’s Weekly.  While many would argue about the Sisters’ private lives, they were certainly true to themselves and their beliefs.

Because of their very open lifestyle, the Sisters made many enemies. Even though they were ardent suffragists, many of the leaders in Women’s suffrage did not care for them. The conservative Lucy Stone head of the American Women’s Suffrage Association was appalled by their behavior.  Susan B. Anthony, leader of the more liberal National Women’s Suffrage Association, initially befriended the sisters impressed by their brokerage. She later became a mortal enemy when they threatened to reveal the private lives of many of the suffragists. Later Anthony told someone “Both sisters are regarded as lewd and indecent. I would advise against any contact.”

However they also had supporters. Elizabeth Cady Stanton supported the duo’s Free Love lifestyle even at the point of arguing with her best friend, Anthony. McPherson said that Stanton’s friendship with the Sisters and Anthony’s dislike of them was one of the issues that caused friction in the suffrage giants’ friendship. They also had a steady friend in escaped slave/author, Frederick Douglass. In fact when Victoria Woodhull ran for President in 1873, she selected Douglass as her running mate, a selection that he did not support, opting for re-electing Ulysses S. Grant instead. However, there were no hard feelings and when Woodhull and Douglass reunited, Douglass said he treated her “politely and respectfully-and (Woodhull) departed not displeased with her call.”

The friendship and enemies that the Sisters make becomes a Who’s Who of the Gilded Age and explored their relationship with the world around them. McPherson isn’t afraid to put the dark sides of the sisters and their friends and enemies, reflecting how people lived and strove to change the world around them.

Rev. Henry Ward Beecher was the sister’s worst enemy. The pastor who was also the brother of Uncle Tom’s Cabin author, Harriet Beecher Stowe and anti-suffrage advocate, Catherine Beecher spoke out against the sisters on his pulpit. He frequently spoke against women’s suffrage and Free Love holding the Sisters as examples of the decadence and debauchery in the 19th century.

However Beecher’s private life was hardly that of the saint that he projected to his parishioners. He had an affair with Elizabeth “Lib” Tilton, the wife of his parishioner Theodore Tilton. Beecher and Tilton maintained a secret love affair for years that was eventually exposed by Woodhull and Claflin in their paper. Woodhull and Claflin also exposed “The Masked French Ball” a gathering attended by financier, L.C. Challis in which men paraded and forced themselves onto young women. (While Woodhull and Claflin attended the Ball and saw the encounters themselves, they covered up their involvement by telling the story from an imaginary insiders’ perspective.) They also spoke about legalizing prostitution and defended women who had been forced into such a life and instead felt that the men not the prostitutes should be held accountable for their actions.

In exposing men, like Challis and Beecher, who criticized and attacked others for their private lives, but lived sordid lives themselves, the two revealed their attack on hypocrisy. They also showed that they were more than capable of defending themselves against powerful men by proving themselves to be just as cunning as they are, but more open about themselves. They wrote in their paper: “(Beecher) helped to maintain for these many years that very social slavery under which he was chafing, and which he was secretly revolting both in thought and practice….he has, in a word, consented and still consented to being a hypocrite.”

 Challis and Beecher later sued the Sisters for libel leading to a lengthy trial in which Woodhull and Claflin were held up as “whores” but also as symbols of Freedom of Speech and the Press. They were vilified by Beecher and his powerful allies. The scandal plus dwindling finances (partly caused by the Financial Bank Panic of 1873 and also because they lost their allies) cased the Sisters to suffer economic strain.

The most disappointing aspects to the book take place after the two renounced their earlier stances and settled into marriages into English aristocracy. They insisted that they were never advocates for Free Love and their words were taken out of context. While their actions betrayed their earlier philosophies about living their lives independently and free from conventions, these later actions showed their chameleon-like nature to suit their lives as they saw fit.
Despite their conventional marriages, the two still maintained their support for women’s suffrage and supported the more dramatic protests from the English suffragists like Emmeline Pankhurst such as hunger strikes, riots, and publicity stunts. Tennessee Claflin and Victoria Woodhull died in 1920 and 1927 respectively outliving most of their enemies and contemporaries and were one of the few early suffragists to see women get the vote in Great Britain and United States.

McPherson wrote” (Woodhull and Claflin) belonged to the ages, which must now puzzle over and debate their worth, which continues to change with passing generations and shifting attitudes about women.” Victoria Woodhull and Tennessee Claflin were outrageous, scandalous, and free spirited, but they were always memorable and always colorful. Surely they were not well-behaved but surely, in their own fashion, they made history.

Classics Corner: Mrs. Dalloway by Virginia Woolf; A Unique Trip Inside the Mind of Post-WWI London


Classics Corner: Mrs. Dalloway by Virginia Woolf; A Unique Trip Inside the Mind of Post-WWI London
By Julie Sara Porter
Bookworm Reviews

Spoilers: Virginia Woolf was a talented writer who knew about the inside of the human mind. Many of her works explored characters from the inside out, what they were thinking, feeling, and experiencing in their pasts and present. Sometimes the interior was a darker stormier place than the exterior. Unfortunately this was a truth that Woolf knew rather well. She was gripped by frequent depression and committed suicide by drowning in 1941.

However, her works such as Mrs. Dalloway are excellent works that explore the psychology of individuals and how their surrounding environment affects them. Mrs. Dalloway is similar to James Joyce’s Ulysses in that the action covers a single day and takes the Readers inside the characters’ minds. However I find it a better work because it does a better job of separating a person’s exterior life of conformity and respectability and the interior life of rebellion and boredom. It also acknowledges the death and despair that often are just waiting around the corner.

Without the stream of conscious trips inside the minds of Woolf’s characters, the day in the life of Clarissa Dalloway would be deadly dull. Mrs. Dalloway prepares for a party and shops surrounded by other characters including WWI veteran, Septimus Warren Smith. She then would present the party and hears about Septimus’ suicide. Well alright the suicide would be interesting to read, but the rest of Mrs. Dalloway’s life would be extremely dull. And that’s the point.

Mrs. Dalloway is driven to give this party as though it is her only purpose and Woolf hints that as far as she and the other characters in her life are concerned, it is. She chooses flowers, food, oversees the menu, and the servants’ preparation, and welcomes guests playing the role of perfect hostess. However, inside she is suffering from boredom, ennui, and possibly depression.

At 51 years old, Mrs. Dalloway feels her life slipping away from her and is unwilling to accept middle age. She remembers her rebellious youth when she carried on affairs with Peter Walsh, a former Lothario and Sally Seton, a formerly Bohemian friend who has now become a Conservative mother of five. As she thinks of her early affairs and wayward youth, she feels nothing but boredom and disgust at the life around her even though she goes through the motions.

Mrs. Dalloway’s relationship with her husband, Richard is proper and conventional with all of the propriety one would expect from a marriage in Upper-Middle Class London. She is economically cared for, has children, and attends the correct functions. But still she feels something is missing. She goes from location to location throughout her day as if avoiding her deeper thoughts and unhappiness as the clocks tick away as if removing hours, minutes, seconds of her life.
Mrs. Dalloway also feels somewhat envious and competitive towards her daughter, Elizabeth.  Elizabeth is a New Woman product of the early 20th century. Unlike her mother, she is able to express her displeasure and disappointments (making it clear that she does not want to attend her mother’s dinner party and would rather go to the country with her father). She also has dreams of being a doctor, a farmer, or go into Parliament avenues that her mother would never have dreamt. Instead Mrs. Dalloway gives parties as her life passes her by.

Mrs. Dalloway isn’t the only character with problems. Woolf saw Septimus Warren Smith as “an essential counterpoint” to Mrs. Dalloway and he is. While Mrs. Dalloway goes through the ennui of her life, Smith goes through the trauma of his. He is a WWI veteran with PTSD and an unhappy marriage with his wife, Lucrezia, an Italian immigrant.

Smith is haunted by the ghost of his friend and fellow soldier (and possibly more) Evans who was killed in action. He goes through his life having imaginary mental conversations with Evans and finding life difficult to adjust to returning after war. His wife, Lucrezia is supportive but doesn’t understand him. His doctor, Dr. Holmes gives blank diagnoses about his condition based on little effort. (Perhaps Woolf’s way of getting back at some fraudulent psychiatrists in her life). The pressure and inability of returning to a so-called normal life leads to Smith’s suicide by jumping off a building.

Though Mrs. Dalloway and Smith never meet or interact with each other (except for a moment when he sees Mrs. D. through a window), their fates are connected. When one of her party guests mentions Smith’s suicide, Mrs. Dalloway at first is dismayed and upset that this shadow of death fell on her surroundings. (“A young man had killed himself. And they talked of it at her party..”)  Instead she feels envious towards him. She says to herself, “But this young man who had killed himself-had he plunged his treasure? ‘If it were now to die, ‘twere now to be most happy.’” She is jealous that Smith was able to do something about his unhappiness. He was able to act out and accept what he was feeling. While Mrs. Dalloway had to hide her feelings behind a semblance of respectability. Smith’s death forces Mrs. Dalloway to confront her own tormented thoughts and emotions and for the first time live honestly to herself.

Virginia Woolf took the Reader on a trip inside the human psyche and explored who they were. She showed us that sometimes those who are most seemingly contented are often inside the saddest.





Wednesday, March 7, 2018

Classics Corner: Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl by Harriet Jacobs: True Story Captures the Brutality of Slavery and The Rewards of Freedom

Classics Corner: Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl by Harriet Jacobs: True Story Captures The Brutality of Slavery and the Rewards of Freedom
By Julie Sara Porter,
Bookworm Reviews

Spoilers: Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel Uncle Tom's Cabin reflected the horrors of slavery but from the authorship of a white woman. While it received much defense and criticism, even to this day (particularly from many who use the term, "Uncle Tom" as a derogatory term), it opened a lot of pre-Civil War eyes to slavery and the abolitionist movement. However, because Stowe wrote it (and did meticulous research for it which she explored in the follow up A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin), it can only gain an outsider's perspective of what she imagines the life of a slave to be like. A book that had been written about the same time reflects the life of a slave much better, because it is the true story of a former slave written by herself.

Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl by Harriet Jacobs (1813-1897) improves on Stowe's narrative because this was Jacob's life and her observations. The book was published under the name Linda Brent and with pseudonyms (however for this review, I will use the real names of the people.).  Jacobs explored the horrors of her situation and her eventual daring escape with honesty, warmth, rage, and even a dry detached wit that not only matches up to Uncle Tom's Cabin, but surpasses it in terms of writing quality.
Jacobs resorted to some literary techniques in her writing such as addressing the "Reader" in an intrusive narrative form and she invited the Reader to imagine themselves in such a situation. But most of her narration is honest, frank, and doesn't resort to melodrama. For example she uses situational irony when she recounts one of her master's description of a run away slave who was found in New York to be starving and begged to return. Jacobs later mentioned seeing this woman who was completely happy and had no intention of returning. "Many of the slaves believe such stories, and think it is not worth while to exchange slavery for a hard kind of freedom," she wrote.
She described such horrible events  as physical abuse and sexual assault, but in a plain matter-of-fact way to let the story speak for itself that slavery was a cruel institution. She didn't need to resort to drama to grab her reader's attention. She just let her own story speak for itself.

Jacobs recounted her childhood including her birth by her mother Delilah Horniblow and biracial father, Elijah Knox, and her upbringing by her grandmother. The home was so loving that Jacobs was unaware that she was property until her mother's death when she was six. "I was so fondly shielded that I never dreamed I was a piece of merchandise, trusted to them for safe keeping, liable to be demanded of them at any moment."

Jacobs lived with her mother's mistress, who was kind enough to teach her to read, write, and sew but not kind enough to free her. So after she died, the mistress left a will with a codicil that ended up causing Jacobs to be sold to the mistress' five-year-old niece, Mary Matilda Norcrom.
Mary Matilda's father, Dr. James Norcrom sexually harassed Jacobs when she came of age.He alternated between appearing  nice and erupting into violent rages, both of which terrified Jacobs. "My master met me at every turn, reminding me that I belonged to him, and swearing by heaven and earth that he would compel me to submit to him." Jacobs recounted excellently that fear of being continuously abused and assaulted by a powerful man and the loneliness that she has no one to turn to who could help her.

Jacobs used many means to resist Norcrom's advances including becoming involved in a consensual sexual relationship with a white man who fathered her two children, Louise Matilda and Joseph.
 Jacobs justified her sexual relationship as a means of survival. "I  was a poor slave girl, only fifteen years old," she wrote. "To be an object of interest to a man who is not married, and who is not her master, is agreeable to the pride and feelings of a slave, if her miserable situation has left her any pride or sentiment."
However Jacobs' relationship had strings attached. While her lover promised to free their children, he refused to do so, though he eventually returned them to their grandmother.  He also bought her brother and became upset that because he believed "some damned abolitionist encouraged him to run away." (In actuality, Jacobs' brother seized the opportunity to run away on his own.)
The careless behavior of Jacobs' white lover and former mistress shows that the Myth of the "Good Slave Owner" is just that: a myth. That when people with the best of intentions towards their slaves
still took part in such a heartless institution that offered no equality towards people seen as property. That even if a slave was fortunate enough to work under a kind master or mistress that encouraged them to read and never had them whipped, the slave was  not  seen as a human being in their own right. The kind master or mistress' protection may last only as long as they are still alive. The slave still could be at the mercy of being sold and separated from their friends and family, a real fear that filled Jacobs' life as she worried about her children being sold and Norcrom threatened to do if she resisted his advances.

Jacobs eventually ran away and in the book's most intense passages escaped to the last place Norcrom would have looked for her: instead of heading North, she turned right around and hid in the crawl space of her freed grandmother's attic. Jacobs watched from her grandmother's attic with glee as Norcrom made several fruitless trips up North to New York figuring that she ran up there to hide with relatives. But she also watched with heartache as her children and other relatives were sold and she can't do anything about it (though Norcrom kept bothering them about their mother's whereabouts which they did not know until Jacobs had been in hiding for years.) Even though Jacobs described the attic as "an uncomfortable prison" and her concern for her children was always apparent, she considered it a better alternative to being found and returned by Norcrom. "I heard the old doctor's threats but they no longer had the same power to trouble me. The darkest cloud of my life had rolled away," she wrote with pride about her escape and her children's removal from Norcrom's clutches.

Jacobs eventually escaped to Philadelphia in 1842  by boat to live with some anti-slavery friends and found work as a nursemaid in New York. She eventually was able to reunite with her children. Her book has a finality as she said that her story does not end with marriage, instead ending with the freedom of herself and her children. "We are as free from the power of slaveholders as are the white people of the north," she wrote with pride and dreamed of greater things like owning her own home (which she eventually did) and teaching about the evils of slavery (which she did at anti-slavery conventions), and her children going to school (which they both did. Louise Matilda  worked towards educating young African-American children and Joseph joined his uncle and Jacobs' brother to live in California).

There is an interesting story that when Jacobs first thought of telling her story, she was uncertain of her own writing abilities. So she appealed to Harriet Beecher Stowe, even suggesting her daughter, Louise Matilda accompany Stowe to England to recount her story. Stowe refused suggesting that Louise Matilda's story as a former slave might hold her to being spoiled and pampered by the English audience. Stowe also doubted the veracity of Jacobs' story and wanted to consult with her employer. Jacobs was outraged and sharply retorted, "...what a pity we poor blacks cant (sic) have the firmness and stability of character that you white people have."
Jacobs proved with her own observations and brilliant gift of writing that she was more than capable of telling her own story herself.




Forgotten Favorites: The Heroines by Eileen Favorite: A Book Lover's Dream (or Nightmare) Comes To Life

Forgotten Favorites: The Heroines by Eileen Favorite: A Book Lover's Dream (or Nightmare) Comes To Life
By Julie Sara Porter,
Bookworm Reviews

Spoilers: The Heroines by Eileen Favorite could be considered every book lover's dream. But in some ways it could also be every book lover's nightmare. It portrays a world in which female literary characters take a break from their story lines and relax inside a Bed & Breakfast.

The Prairie Homestead, owned by Anne-Marie Entwhistle, is the go-to place where literary heroines arrive to get some tea and sympathy from its proprietor and snorts of derision from her daughter, Penny. It is the type of place where, on any given day, Emma Bovary could arrive in tears about Rodolphe deserting her. Where Daisy Buchanan takes long baths after she kills Myrtle Wilson with her car. Where Ophelia lounges on the hammock outside and mourns her deceased father, Polonoius.

For Anne-Marie, this is a great privilege as she welcomes the Heroines with open arms. She has a few set rules such as keeping her vast private library locked so the Heroines never accidentally learn of their fates. ("The last thing (Anne-Marie) wanted was for Anna Karenina to accidentally discover that she was bound to take her life on the railroad tracks," Penny explains in her narration.) She also doesn't let the Heroines know about their fate. She just offers nods of sympathy, non-committed, "Yes I see"s or analytic "What do you think you should do?"'s to the Heroines as they bemoan their fates that their authors put them in.

Favorite captures the interactions between Anne-Marie and the Heroines well. One of the interesting aspects of the Heroines is how non-eventful and anti-climactic their arrivals are. They don't appear out of some magical vortex, dressed in period appropriate clothes, and yell at modern conveniences like wondering how the tiny people got inside the television sets. They appear in ordinary clothing and sign into the register like any other guests. In fact Penny and Anne-Marie are unaware that the women are literary characters until they start talking about events in the book.
Anne-Marie takes their arrivals in stride offering rooms and continental breakfasts with no amazement or surprise. Of course she has been seeing the Heroines since she was five years old and first met Rapunzel, so this is bound to be a regular occurrence to her.
Favorite also captures the Heroines' verbal cues and more elevated language rather well like they are characters still trapped in their own time periods, their problems, and situations. Hester Prynne soothes her sobbing daughter Pearl and apologizes to Anne-Marie by saying, "I am truly sorry, mistress. Pearl, thou art a disgrace to me." Franny Glass lies on the Homestead sofa and recites the Jesus Prayer to block out Anne-Marie's feminist rants and declares  "Power's an illusion. Often power and wisdom are revealed through the most lowly-the poorer and children." They may have changed locations and are wearing modern wardrobe, but they can't stop being who they are.

Favorite also captures the adolescent angst of Anne-Marie's daughter, Penny. Penny is irritated by the Heroines' arrival because she feels they get their mother's attention. Many of their arguments are based on the Heroines such as when Penny tries to warn Emma Bovary to go back to her husband which only results in her mother's slap. Penny also is angry when she believes that her mother puts the Heroines' needs above her own such as giving Dierdre, a character from Irish Mythology, her room. Favorite captures those vulnerable times when a teenage girl begins to feel sexual urges for the first time and has to deal with her developing body. Just when she needs her parents the most, but acts like she doesn't. (And in Penny's case, when she feels abandoned by her mother the most, because of her concern for the Heroines.)
At Penny's most vulnerable moment is when she encounters for the first time, a male character driven to take back a Heroine in this case, Dierdre's husband, Connor. Even though Penny has a definite Villain vibe about him, she is drawn by his raw sexuality, handsome looks, and roguish charm. She is also a young girl alone in the woods and definitely has some naughty thoughts about the handsome Irish king in front of her. She offers to "help" him by getting Dierdre hoping to get some alone time with the man. In the typical mother-daughter  interaction, Penny believes her mother "doesn't understand" Penny's attraction to Bad Boy, Connor but we Readers later discover that through Anne-Marie's youthful infatuation with another literary Bad Boy, Wuthering Heights' Heathcliff, she understands more than Penny is aware.

Talking to and befriending literary characters seems like a plum dream come to true, but Favorite also refers to the responsibilities of living such as life: that they can't let anyone know about it. Penny realizes this too late when Anne-Marie consents to having Penny institutionalized after she accidentally reveals the family secret to the police. She also tells another patient in the (very scary and underfunded) Unit for mentally ill girls. The patient cruelly mocks her in a Group meeting. Penny seriously wonders if she and her mother aren't a little crazy imagining this scenario of literary characters. Thankfully a rescue from her friend, Albie and Connor (who sees and speaks to Connor) convinces Penny that she and her mother aren't the only ones that see and interact with literary characters. This plus a later conversation between Connor, Anne-Marie, and a police officer (which brings a finality to Dierdre and Connor's fates) shows that a life of befriending literary characters can bring its own share of stress and trauma in trying to change the characters' fates as well as the Entwhistle's.

The Heroines is a wonderful book in which Eileen Favorite explored some strong female characters both hers and other author's. She captures their interactions and friendships as well as the love between mother and daughter. It is the type of book that isn't afraid to ask "WWSD" "What Would Scarlett (as in O'Hara) Do?"