Classics Corner: Women's Weird: Strange Stories by Women 1890-1949 Edited by Melissa Edmondson; Weird Ghost Story Anthology by Some of the Best Female Authors

 

Classics Corner: Women's Weird: Strange Stories by Women 1890-1949 Edited by Melissa Edmondson; Weird Ghost Story Anthology by Some of the Best Female Authors

By Julie Sara Porter

Bookworm Reviews

Spoilers: The word weird (Old English for "fate or destiny") has often been associated with women, wrote editor Melissa Edmondson. She's not wrong. Greek mythology has the Fates-Clothos, Lachesis, Atropos-three goddesses who weave the fate of humanity. Clothos spun the thread. Lachesis measured the thread. Atropos cut the thread. Norse mythology had the Norns, three goddesses who drew water from their sacred well to nourish Yggsdrael the sacred tree. Urd who told the past, Verdandi who told the present, and Skaldi who foretold the future. There are various triple goddesses in Celtic mythology such as the three forms of Brigid or The Morrigan. Many current Witch spiritual paths worship the Goddess in three forms: Maiden, Mother/Nymph, Crone

Of course, where would Shakespeare's Macbeth be without The Weird Sisters predicting his ascension to kinghood and his downfall by "a man not born of woman" and "when Birnam Wood comes to Dunsinane"?

Melissa Edmondson's  anthology Women's Weird: Strange Stories by Women 1890-1940 lives up to its name. It is filled with ghost stories by many of the most famous female authors and some who should be recognized in the 21st century. The stories are not jump scare stories in the style of Stephen King or H.P. Lovecraft. Instead, the majority of them present an eerie sensibility like an old familiar ghost story told in a new way. 

The best stories are: 

"The Weird of the Walfords" by Louisa Baldwin

Cursed objects are as prevalent in hauntings as ghosts themselves. The Hope Diamond. James Dean's Porsche Spider. The Annabelle Doll. Sometimes the curses have more to do with the people that are being cursed than the object itself.

That's certainly true with this creepy story. Humphrey Walford, has inherited not only the family estate but is the not so proud owner of the Walford Family old carved oak four poster bedstead. For three hundred years, every Walford has been born and died in that bed. When he becomes lord of the manor, Humphrey vows that he will not let this arbitrary curse control how he dies so he orders the bed destroyed. Well anyone who has read any story of a curse ever, knows that destruction of the object does nothing. Even after he marries and becomes a father, Humphrey can't escape the inevitable.

This story is fascinating as Humphrey is at first confident that he can beat  this curse then as circumstances put him right where he doesn't want to be, he becomes more unglued. His skepticism and confidence wavers as the supernatural presence lingers and he has no choice but to accept the inevitable.

"The Giant Wistaria" by Charlotte Perkins Gilman

As anyone who reads this blog knows, one of my favorite short stories is Charlotte Perkins Gilman's "The Yellow Wallpaper".' The creepy atmosphere of a woman driven to near insanity by the rest cure that her husband forces upon her is one of the best crafted short stories in American literature. It is a great combination of psychological horror and feminist literature showing how the limited female roles  can drive some women to breakdowns and other psychological disorders.

Gilman also delivers that gift of horror combined with questioning of women's roles in society with "The Giant Wistaria." 

The story begins during the 17th century when a young woman is the object of a scandal. Her parents seek to force her into marriage and abandon her. Meanwhile, a giant wistaria grows right outside the house.

Centuries later, a married couple and their friends explore their new home. Mrs. Jenny is excited about the prospect that the house contains a ghost to her husband's skeptical dismay. However, she keeps seeing images of a ghostly woman near the wistaria.

This story reflects many of Gilman's most common themes of women trapped by society's constraints. Though this one offers a measure of hope that "The Yellow Wallpaper" does not. The communication between a woman of the past and a woman of the present might finally end up freeing her.

"Kerfol" by Edith Wharton

Another of my favorite authors, Edith Wharton, is represented here. Besides her satires of upper class New Yorkers like The House of Mirth and The Age of Innocence, she also wrote ghost stories. The story represented in this volume, "Kerfol", shows that abuse can still haunt long afterwards.

The Narrator considers buying the property of Kerfol. Of course, there is a haunting story connected to it. The Narrator sees various ghostly dogs hovering around and hears mysterious barking. 

The backstory connected to this haunting is a moving one dealing with domestic and animal abuse. Those who are sensitive to mistreatment of animals might be appalled by the actions of one of the characters and may be pleased by the retribution that they receive.

"Unseen-Unfeared" by Francis Stevens

While they are things of the past, museums of curiosities and sideshows provided much artistic inspiration. Elaine Showalter's A Jury of Her Peers, a comprehensive look at American Literature written by women, said that it was a favorite writing topic for female authors in the 19th and early 29th century. Perhaps because they identified with the outsider status of the show runners and entertainers who paraded themselves before the so-called normal people who were often worse than those that they observed. 

That is certainly true of Francis Stevens "Unseen-Unfeared"." The Narrator is a xenophobic racist asshole who grumbles about the immigrants and people of color that he sees on the streets every day. (This character could have easily been the Narrator of a modern story.) The Narrator sees an advertisement for "The Great Unseen." 

Snootily thinking that it's a museum of fakery, The Narrator pays his dime and tries to ignore his impending sense of dread and evil as he enters.

What starts out as a display showing the wonders of the newly created photography quickly becomes a lot more terrifying. The Narrator sees various creatures in the dark inside the museum including spiders on the walls, monsters with human faces, and a thing that he can't describe but refers to in all caps (THING). 

It's tempting to say that this display is The Showman, Dr. Hodge, being evil by gaslighting The Narrator or is in possession of evil powers but Hodge's diatribe reveals a more subtle side to his character. He talks about the evil that he sees around him. Of course The Narrator's attitude before he entered the Museum can't be discounted. The visions are reactions towards the evil that exists in those who are observing them. The Narrator's loathing of his fellow humans creates the evil that he fears. Even when he thinks that Hodge is gone and the museum is closed, he can't escape the evil that exists inside him.

"The Twelve Apostles" by Eleanor Scott

This story is a combination of ghost story and mystery. Mr. Matthews, an American, buys an English manor actually hoping that there is a ghost or a story behind it. He is then told of Sir Jerome, a 16th century recluse,parish priest, and practicing sorcerer. Sir Jerome's writings reveal him to be a man of great knowledge and curiosity who paid a Faustian bargain for his pursuits. Later a body was found mysteriously dead at the manor. There is also a story of a lost treasure in Jerome's manor.

Matthews's curiosity is overwhelming as he investigates Sir Jerome's history. His trek through the library and a secret room is eerie as he views a portrait of a priest that looks alive and twelve carvings that look intimidating. 

Matthew's curiosity and greed prove to be his undoing as he ignores fear and common sense to pursue this mystery of Sir Jerome and the treasure. It's almost as though Sir Jerome's curiosity and greed has been reincarnated into Matthews. Just as Jerome did, Matthews is practically destined to follow the same path. He almost does. If not for a moment that scares sense into him, he would have ended up like his predecessor.

"The Book" by Margaret Irwin

Evelyn Carnahan (Rachel Weisz), the protagonist of The Mummy said "What harm can come from opening a book?" This short story is Margaret Irwin's way of saying "Uh, plenty of harm actually."

Bored with reading an obvious murder mystery, Mr. Corbett searches his private library for something new to read. In fact he is bored with his usual books and ultimately reading in general. (GASP!) He searches his uncle's theological library before he loses his interest in reading entirely. He chooses a book written in Latin and with strange illustrations. At first, the book is about some secret society but then some new fresh ink appears on the blank pages. The Book tells Corbett that its work isn't done and predicts things that happen in Corbett's life like great wealth and success.

This book has a very Twilight Zone-like feel with the supernatural elements and twist that deals a lot with the protagonist's personality. As the book is written, Corbett's personality becomes more fierce, ambitious, and argumentative towards his family. He then has to make a choice when the price of the book's knowledge becomes too great.

"The Book" reveals the depravity of the main character as Corbett's darker impulses are revealed in the writing. He is willing to put his home, occupation, and family on the line to fill his ambitions. In the end, he proves to be a deplorable cowardly character who only ends his connection to The Book when it affects him personally.

"With and Without Buttons" by Mary Butts

This short story turns the Battle of the Sexes into a Battle of Scares. Two sisters have had enough of a know it all neighbor so they decide to play a prank on him to "create a nightmare." They insist that they don't want to scare him, that they want to have power over him in a way that is not sexual. They want to outsmart him.

The sisters leave a pair of female kid gloves at his house then create a story that it was left by a ghostly woman. Unfortunately, like many stories which start as a prank it turns out the Spirit World has a sick sense of humor.

The sisters like many of the other protagonists in this anthology are not likeable. They put their neighbor through a fear which turns on them. This shows what happens when mortals use the deceased as playthings, they will find themselves to be the ones played with. In their drive to outsmart their neighbor, the sisters prove to be the real fools.

Women's Weird gives the Reader an off-kilter feeling that something's not right with the world. The stories are strange,bizarre, spooky, and yes weird.

Classics Corner: The Turn of The Screw by Henry James; Haunting Gothic Ghost Story is a Suspenseful Psychological Tale That Asks More Questions Than Gives Answers

Classics Corner: The Turn of The Screw by Henry James; Haunting Gothic Ghost Story is a Suspenseful Psychological Tale That Asks More Questions Than Gives Answers

By Julie Sara Porter

Bookworm Reviews




Spoilers: I apologize for being late and having so many entries at once, but there was a cold and flu bug going around our house and I had headaches that prevented me from going on the Internet for very long, but I am better and I have a lot to show.
 Henry James knew a thing or two about psychology as well as the supernatural. His brother, William was an eminent philosopher, psychologist, and is considered the Father of Modern American Psychology. He also was a believer in Spiritualism and Mysticism and was the founder of the American Society for Psychical Research. These topics also interested Henry as many of his novels have shown.

Many of Henry James’ novels dissect the motives and means behind his characters particularly his female protagonists. Whether it's Wings of a Dove’s Kate Croy, Washington Square's Catherine Sloper, Daisy Miller's titular character, or (my favorite) Portrait of a Lady’s Isabel Archer, James took his Readers inside the female psyche to show how these characters challenged or surrendered to the world around them. Many of his characters were haunted by past misdeeds, structures that confined them, and expectations and ambitions that they strove to meet but often came up short. In short, many of his protagonists were haunted people.




That's what makes James’ novella, The Turn of the Screw so fascinating. Throughout the book, the Reader is uncertain whether it is the area or the people that are haunted. Are the spirits real or hallucinations? All the Reader knows for sure is whenever haunted people and haunted situations get together, unpleasant things are certain to happen.




The Narrator of James’ story is an unnamed governess who is hired to look after Flora and Miles, a young orphaned brother and sister put in the the custody of their wealthy uncle. The uncle, having no experience with children, is often away leaving the children at boarding school or under the care of servants. (In fact, the uncle is barely in the book no doubt to avoid a Jane Eyre/Rochester romance between him and the governess.) Shortly after the Governess arrives, young Miles is expelled from his school for reasons that are never fully explained but implied was because of some “untoward violation.” He returns to his home to join his sister and the staff.




That's when the Governess starts seeing some strange figures of a man and woman hovering within mirrors, through windows, and often near the children. They have menacing expressions, seem to appear and disappear at will, and no one else acknowledges their presence. The Governess becomes frightened especially after she describes the Ghostly Duo to Mrs. Grose, the housekeeper. Mrs. Grose reveals that they resemble Miss Jessel, the Governess’ predecessor and Peter Quint, the uncle's valet who had a sexual relationship with Miss Jessel. That's all interesting in a gossipy sort of way except um...Quint and Miss Jessel are well you know….dead.

The Governess is determined to protect the children especially when it appears that Flora and Miles see and communicate with the ghosts. What is their intention? Are they planning on harming the children from the other side or killing them and dragging them to Hell? Are they manifestations of some kind of secret guilt that the residents share? Are the ghosts even real or projects of an overactive imagination from an excitable and overwrought governess? James never tells us the answer.




The Turn of the Screw is one of those type of books that leaves the interpretation up to the Reader. While that can be annoying to some, others (such as myself) enjoy this psychological approach of providing their own analytical response to the book.

Many hints are provided that Quint and Jessel were not nice people in life to say the least. Mrs. Grose implied that Quint was “too free with everyone,” and that Miss Jessel often acquiesced to his leadership. Could that have meant that he molested Miles and that he groomed Miss Jessel to molest Flora? It's possible.




Flora and Miles exhibit what could be considered classic signs of being victims of sexual abuse. Flora often keeps to herself and wanders off to unknown locations. Miles acts extremely mature and exhibits knowledge of adult activities beyond his age. Then there's his expulsion, conveniently after Quint's death. Could Miles have exhibited some of his new found knowledge to his fellow students or exhibited some other violent or aggressive tendencies that he learned from Quint? With his superficial charm, secretive nature, and desire to disobey his elders (such as sneaking out of the house at night) just because “he can,” Miles certainly exhibits signs of being a budding sociopath. Are the ghosts then planning to possess the kids to continue their control over them from Beyond?




Then there's the Governess. While she is clearly concerned and protective over the children, she is also prone to fits of hysteria. Many times after she encounters the ghosts, she comes across as a mentally ill person, particularly trying to convince everyone else that the ghosts exist. Her behavior seems to suggest that the ghosts may not be real and are products of her imagination or hallucinations from a repressed, but unhinged mind. (Though if that were true, it would not explain how the Governess would know what Quint and Jessel, two people she had never met before, look like enough for Mrs. Grose to recognize them from her description.)




At times the Governess could be just as unbalanced and just as harmful to the children as her predecessors, even in her determination to save them. In one frightening passage, The Governess’ insane rambling frightens Flora particularly after the girl tells her she doesn't see the ghosts. Ironically in trying to prevent Flora from being taken by the ghosts, the Governess’ behavior isolates Flora and particularly Miles further and puts them right in their paths.




The Turn of the Screw is the type of ghost story that is more than a simple tale involving ghosts. It raises more questions than answers forcing the Readers to make their own conclusions therefore proving that sometimes the scariest ghosts are found inside the human mind.