New Book Alert: Anonymous is a Woman: A Global Chronicle of Gender Inequality by Nina Ansary, PhD; Fascinating Look at Important Women Overlooked By History

New Book Alert: Anonymous is a Woman: A Global Chronicle of Gender Inequality by Nina Ansary, PhD; Fascinating Look At Important Women Overlooked By History

By Julie Sara Porter

Bookworm Reviews


In her landmark essay, A Room of One's Own, Virginia Woolf wondered why she couldn't find any lasting works by women from Shakespeare's day that were as notable as his and his other male contemporaries. In her frustrations, Woolf looked at the many poems and other literary works that were signed "Anonymous." Woolf speculated,"Indeed I would venture to guess that Anon, who wrote so many poems without signing them was a woman."


All over the world and through history, women have been denied opportunities that were given freely to men. Some women like Artemisia Gentileschi, came from artistic noted families and were able to become exceptions and study with male contemporaries. Others like George Eliot, Georges Sand, and The Bronte Sisters published under male pseudonyms. Others like Jane Austen and Anne Bradstreet had to produce their work around the noise and disruption of family life. Then there are those like Rosalind Franklin who received no credit for their discoveries while their male counterparts did or even like Margaret Keane who had their work falsely attributed to male spouses and family members. Then there are others that history still haven't acknowledged.


Not just in history either. The Gender Gap is still wide. According to statistics 104 countries have legislation that prevents women from working in certain jobs. 45 countries do not legally prohibit domestic violence and 72 countries have no determined criminal penalties for domestic violence offenders. 59 countries have no laws preventing sexual harassment. Even certain fields in the United States underrepresent women. In 2017, 2.2 % of venture capital was awarded to businesses founded by women. In 2019, 87% of most of the American museum collections are works by men. Only 17% of people in STEM fields are women.


Many feminist scholars, historians, activists and authors not only try to change the outlook for women of today. They want to acknowledge the forgotten women of the past, recognize their achievements, and give them some long overdue credit. One of those scholars is Nina Ansary.

Ansary's previous book, Jewels of Allah: The Untold Story of Women in Iran highlighted the achievements of many female leaders and advocates throughout Iran's history. This book, Anonymous is a Woman: A Global Chronicle of Gender Inequality, takes her studies on a global scale and acknowledges women all over the world. Ansary describes the achievements of 50 women from En Hedu-Anna (c.2300 BCE), from Akkadia, the world's first known female astronomer who also wrote of her discoveries in poetic form on cuneiform to Alice Ball (1892-1916), an American chemist who created a water soluble solution of chaulmoogra oil to treat leprosy patients.


The women cover a variety of different backgrounds, time periods, ethnicities, nationalities, and occupations. From scientists, to inventors, to activists, to artists, to authors, to doctors, to warriors, to an aviator. These women were admirable in their actions and deeds often becoming the first woman in their fields. For example Sutayta Al-Mahamali (Birthdate unknown-987), from Arabia was the first female mathematician. She was known for her mathematical and legal mind and used advanced algebraic knowledge to solve inheritance disputes.

Another woman who was a first was Bessie Colman (1896-1926). She was the first American woman to receive a pilot's license and the first African-American pilot, period. Since American flight schools were closed to her, Colman moved to France to receive her license. She returned to America and assumed a career as a barnstormer, stunt pilot, until her death in 1926 when her plane went into a nosedive and crashed.


The accounts are brief but that is probably the point. Ansary is only giving the Reader a taste of these women, brief sketches of who they were. The Reader would then be interested to read and learn more about these amazing women. The chapter on Elizabeth Freeman (c.1742-1829) describes how she approached attorney Theodore Sedgwick to sue for her freedom, which she ultimately obtained. Readers may then want to find other works about Freeman and about other African-Americans who worked to obtain freedom before the 13-15th Amendments were ratified.

Readers may read about Marianne North (1830-1890) and learn that the Englishwoman documented and painted over 800 species of flowers and while visiting seventeen countries and six continents. Afterwards, they may want to look at her beautiful detailed paintings and read about her travels.

Readers might know Lilian Gilbreth (1878-1972) because of the book and film, Cheaper by the Dozen. However, the chapter acknowledges her contributions to the field of industrial and managerial engineering and organizational psychology. Her managerial efficiency skills were so well noted that she was a consultant for such businesses as General Electric and Macy's. Readers will learn of her psychological and industrial work and will recognize her as far more than a busy harried mother of twelve.

Many of these women became voices for their communities. Zitkala Sa (1876-1938), a Yankton Sioux woman wrote the libretto for the first opera by a Native American. She also founded the National Council of American Indians which advocated for education and health care for Native Americans.

Another advocate for women's rights in her home country was Zoila Ugarte De Landivar (1864-1969), an Ecuadorian journalist. She founded the first Ecuadorian Feminist magazine, La Mujer, and wrote various articles advocating feminist causes in her country.

Many of these women received abuse and criticism for their contributions. One of those women was Bibi Khanum Astarabadi (1858-1921), an Iranian advocate for women's education. When a book called The Education of Women was published declaring that women should not be educated, Astarabadi wrote her own response, The Vices of Men. She challenged the male dominated society that she lived under and argued for better educational opportunities for Iranian women and girls.

Unfortunately, many of these women's pursuits were overshadowed by men in their fields. One was Marion Mahoney Griffin (1871-1961), an architect who worked alongside Frank Lloyd Wright. Even though Mahoney Griffin was considered the most talented member of Lloyd's team and contributed many details to the projects such as stained glass, murals, and mosaics Lloyd refused to give her any credit clearly wanting to turn his work into a one man show.

In the early days of Hollywood, Lois Weber (1879-1939) was ranked as one of the "three great minds" of the early Hollywood industry, alongside Cecil B. DeMile and D.W. Griffith. The director of more than 130 shorts and feature films, Weber wanted films to discuss serious social issues as well as entertainment. Unfortunately, after her death, she was seen mostly as a star maker and her fame and influence on the industry was eclipsed by her male contemporaries.

One of the more interesting stories of a woman challenging a man for recognition was that of Margaret E. Knight (1838-1914),an American inventor. While working at the Columbia Paper Bag Company, Knight created a machine that made the work productive and allowed for the creation of the square bottomed paper bag. A man named Charles Annan tried to steal and receive a patent for Knight's invention. Knight successfully sued Annan and received the patent when she produced schematics, plans, and journal entries. Knight went on to invent other things like a shoe cutting machine, a numbering machine, and several devices related to rotary engines.

I would be remiss if I did not mention Petra Dufkova's illustrations. Very few of the woman were featured in photographs or portraits, so Dufkova used her imagination to sketch these women. The sketches reveal their strengths, intelligences, and determination to change their circumstances. This illustration shows Dufkova's portrait of Whang Zhenyi (1768-1797), a Chinese astronomer and mathematician who studied lunar and solar eclipses and discovered their mathematical and astronomical progresses.

Through Dufkova's beautiful illustrations and Ansary's insightful words, these women are being recognized for their talents, courageousness, intelligences, and willingness to change the world around them. They are names and faces. They are no longer Anonymous.